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John Cornford, por el comunismo y la libertadJohn Cornford, uno de los voluntarios ingleses que murieron en combate en el lado republicano—y el primero de ellos en alistarse— escribió en 1936 uno de los poemas más famosos sobre la guerra civil española. "Luna llena en Tierz, antes del asalto a Huesca". Allí medita sobre su destino individual y el colectivo, y sobre su compromiso con la política a seguir. Libertad es palabra muy fácil de decir, Mas los hechos son tercos. En España No habrá victoria para nuestra lucha Hasta que los trabajadores del mundo entero Estén a nuestro lado en los llanos de Huesca, Juren que nuestros muertos no luchaban en balde Y la bandera roja en triunfo enarbolen Por el Comunismo y por la libertad.
All round the barren hills of Aragon Announce our testing has begun. Here what the Seventh Congress said, If true, if false, is live or dead, Speaks in the Oviedo mausers tone.
"Full Moon at Tierz" in fact discloses a more complicated, less doctrinaire reality than that of the public manifestoes and pronouncements with which it might be associated, an which are echoed in its closing lines, and it is this very complexity which contributes to its value as a work of literature transcending its polemic origins. The 'testing' announced by the full moon rising over friend and foe alike on the bare hills of Aragon is not only a test of physical courage in the fight with an external and ubiquitous fascism. It refers also to an internal moral struggle with one's bourgeois self, to maintain loyalty to the Party amidst misgivings about its policies and practice.
Then let my private battle with my nerves, the fear of pain whose pain survives, the love that tears me by the roots the loneliness that claws my guts, Fuse in the welded front our fight preserves Que la guerra privada con mis nervios, El temor al dolor cuyo dolor persiste, El amor que me arranca de raíz, La soledad que araña mis entrañas Se fundan como soldadura en el frente que nuestra lucha defiende
— No exagere usted, Eutimio. ¿No ha cambiado nada la vida desde los tiempos de mi padre? Y más que va a cambiar desde ahora, con el gobierno del Frente Popular. — Un gobierno de señoritos burgueses, don Ignacio, que mandan gracias al voto obrero. — Por culpa de nuestro partido, el de usted y el mío. El que no ha dejado que un socialista sea presidente del gobierno. Costó tanto traer la República y ya no la quieren, no les parece bastante. Ahora quieren una revolución soviética, como en Rusia. ¿No estuvo usted en la manifestación del Primero de Mayo? Desfilaban los socialistas y parece que estuvieran en la Plaza Roja de Moscú. Banderas rojas con hoces y martillos, retratos de Lenin y de Stalin. Los nuestros sólo se distinguían de los comunistas en que llevaban camisas rojas y no azul celeste como ellos. Ni una sola bandera de la República, Eutimio, la República que pudo llegar porque los socialistas quisimos que viniera, porque los republicanos no eran nada. Pero estos socialistas del Primero de Mayo no daban vivas a la República, sino al Ejército Rojo. Con gran alegría de las derechas, como es de imaginar. (343)
In the last poem he wrote in Spain, Cornford referred to Margot Heinemann as “Heart of the heartless world.” As he indicated in the letters he wrote to her, one of the reasons he had enlisted in the resistance to Franco was to oppose such heartlessness, indeed as a dedicated Communist he was convinced the policies of Marxism would improve the lives of many people and make the world more equitable and responsible. He was mistaken, of course, as Marxism turned out to be the most brutal and ruthless ideology to emerge in the twentieth century, imposing a system of beliefs that routinely justified the elimination of millions of people for the benefit of an avaricious few. Some of his supporters believed that had he survived the conflict and witnessed the undeniable brutality of Communism in practice, he would have renounced the ideology as other gullible British writers did eventually. This is questionable, though, especially since the woman to whom he dedicated his last poem remained devoted to the Party despite all the cruelties it inflicted. Many political martyrs are not always the saints they appear. Certainly John Cornford was a daring and determined young man, willing to risk his life for his political convictions, but maybe his death spared the world more grief than it deserved. At Cambridge, according to a classmate Victor Kiernan, he used to recall with admiration an anecdote from the Russian Civil War in which the future Hungarian Communist leader Bela Kun opened fire with a machine gun on thousands of prisoners during a forced retreat. The ultimate ambition of a fledgling revolutionary like Rupert John Cornford was to become as ruthless as Bela Kun, and if he had made it out of Spain, he probably would have contributed to the heartlessness of the world he had condemned as a poet.
Miércoles, 30 de Junio de 2010 13:14. José Ángel García Landa Enlace permanente. Literatura y crítica Comentarios » Ir a formulario |
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